R -v- Broughton [2020] EWCA Crim 1093 The expert evidence of a 90% chance of survival did not exclude the realistic possibility that, even with treatment, the deceased would have died in any event. “Put another way, if an operation carried a personal 10% risk of mortality, both patients and clinicians would be able to … Continue reading Causation in Gross Negligence Manslaughter – Keeping the Criminal Standard Alive